Cellular Organelles

Cellular Organelles

Introduction Cellular organelles are specialized structures within eukaryotic cells that perform various essential functions to maintain the cell’s integrity and carry out specific tasks. These microscopic compartments act like miniature factories, each with a unique role in the overall functioning of the cell. Organelles are enclosed by membranes, similar to the cell’s outer plasma membrane,…

Immune System
| | |

Immune System

Definition The Immune System is the body’s mechanism for preventing or inhibiting infection. It can protect the body against bacteria, viruses, parasites, and more because of its intricate network of cells, organs, proteins, and tissues. A working immune system can provide the difference between healthy tissue and foreign molecules. If an undesirable material, it will…

Ventricles Of The Brain
| |

Ventricles Of The Brain

Overview The Ventricles of the Brain are a connecting network of cavities inside the brain parenchyma that are filled with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The ventricular system is made up of two lateral ventricles, a third ventricle, the cerebral aqueduct, and a fourth ventricle (as shown in the figures below). The choroid plexuses in the ventricles…

15 Best Vastus Lateralis Exercises
| | |

15 Best Vastus Lateralis Exercises

Introduction The vastus lateralis is one of the four quadriceps muscles located on the front of the thigh. Strengthening this muscle is crucial for maintaining overall lower body strength, stability, and mobility. Incorporating targeted Vastus Lateralis muscle exercises can help improve athletic performance, enhance functional movement, and prevent injuries. This muscle group is commonly targeted…

Coleman Block Test of Ankle Joint

Coleman Block Test of Ankle Joint

Introduction The Coleman Block Test assesses forefoot pronation and hindfoot flexibility. The forefoot has the initial malformation, whereas the hindfoot alters later. The test involves placing the patient’s foot on a 2.5–4 cm thick wood block, allowing the first, second, and third metatarsals to hang freely into plantar flexion and pronation, and placing the patient’s…

High Creatinine Levels

High Creatinine Levels

Introduction High creatinine levels can indicate a range of underlying health conditions, involving kidney infection and kidney failure. Doctors usually consider high creatinine levels to be above 1.2 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) for males and 1.0 mg/dL for females. Muscles produce creatinine as a waste product. The kidneys remove creatinine from the blood and expel…