Craniosacral Therapy
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Craniosacral Therapy

Introduction Craniosacral therapy (CST) is a gentle, non-invasive, hands-on method of healing that uses a light touch to release restrictions in the craniosacral system. The craniosacral system is a network of membranes and fluids that surrounds and protects the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is also connected to the fascia, which is a connective…

Internal Rotation VS External Rotation
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Internal Rotation VS External Rotation

Difference between Internal Rotation and External Rotation External rotation and internal rotation are terms used to describe movements that occur at joints, particularly in the context of the musculoskeletal system. External rotation refers to the movement of a body segment away from the midline of the body or the center of a joint. For example,…

Concave Convex Rule

Concave Convex Rule

In physical therapy programs, the convex-concave rule is often discussed in the context of joint mobilizations or manipulations. The rule provides guidance on how the shapes of joint surfaces (convex or concave) affect the direction of movement during joint mobilization techniques. Here’s a brief explanation of the rule in the context of arthrokinematics and physical…

Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE)
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Pain Neuroscience Education (PNE)

Description Pain neuroscience training is an approach used to manage and treat chronic pain. It is based on the understanding that chronic pain is not simply a direct result of tissue damage, but rather a complex interaction of various factors, including physical, psychological, and social factors. The primary goal of pain neuroscience education is to…

Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) Flexion & Extension
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Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) Flexion & Extension

What is a Metacarpophalangeal Joint (MCP) Flexion & Extension? The Metacarpophalangeal (MCP) joint is a critical anatomical structure located in the hand, forming the connection between the metacarpal bones of the palm and the proximal phalanges of the fingers. These joints are essential for hand function and enable a wide range of movements that are…

Cervical Lateral Flexion
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Cervical Lateral Flexion

What is Cervical Lateral Flexion? The cervical spine consists of seven vertebrae, and each vertebra is separated by intervertebral discs that allow flexibility and movement. Lateral flexion is one of the primary movements of the cervical spine, along with other movements such as flexion (bending forward), extension (bending back), and rotation (turning the head from…