Elbow Joint The elbow joint serves as a pivotal connection between the upper arm bone (humerus) and the two forearm bones, the radius and ulna. This crucial joint facilitates a wide range of movements essential for everyday activities, including bending (flexion) and straightening (extension) of the arm, as well as rotational movements of the forearm…
Introduction of Shoulder Joint Structure and Function of Shoulder Joint: There are numerous including: Spaces in shoulder joint: Significant joint spaces are: Embryology of Shoulder Joint: Muscles of the shoulder joint: Mobility and Stability of Shoulder Joint: Factors that contribute to mobility: Factors that contribute to the stability of Shoulder Joint: Neurovasculature: MUSCLES OF SHOULDER JOINT…
The medial collateral ligament (MCL) is one of the four major ligaments in the knee, and it’s located on the inside of the knee. It is a thick band of connective tissue that runs from the medial epicondyle (the bony structure where the femur and tibia meet) to the medial condyle (the bony structure where…
List Of Neurological Condition Related To Physiotherapy Only : (1) Cerebral palsy (2) Reflex sympathetic dystrophy (3) Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (4) Multiple sclerosis (5) Stroke (6) Trigeminal neuralgia (7) Guillain barre syndrom (8) Hemilegia (9) Quadriplegia (10) Paraplegia (11) Facial palsy (12) Epilepsy (13) Parkinsons disease (14) Aneurysms (15) Muscle dystrophy (16) Hydrocephalus (17) Attention…
The Hypoglossal nerve is the twelth cranial nerve, and innervates all the extrinsic and intrinsic muscles of the tongue, except for the palatoglossus which is innervated by the vagus nerve. ANATOMY: The hypoglossal nerve arises from the hypoglossal nucleus. This is found the full length of the medulla, close to the midline. The roots of…
spinal accessory nerve: The spinal accessory nerve is a cranial nerve that supplies the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. It is considered the eleventh of twelve pairs of cranial nerves, or simply cranial nerve XI, as part of it was formerly believed to originate in the brain. Anatomy : the spinal accessory nerve consists of both…
Vagus Nerve: The vagus nerve is the longest and most complex of the 12 pairs of cranial nerves that emanate from the brain. It transmits information to or from the surface of the brain to tissues and organs elsewhere in the body. Anatomy: The vagus nerve has two bunches of sensory nerve cell bodies, and…
What is a Glossopharyngeal Nerve? The glossopharyngeal nerve, known as the ninth cranial nerve (CN IX), is a mixed nerve that carries afferent sensory and efferent motor information. Sensory: Innervates the oropharynx, carotid body and sinus, posterior 1/3 of the tongue, middle ear cavity, and Eustachian tube. Special Sensory: Provides taste sensation to the posterior…
The vestibulocochlear nerve (auditory vestibular nerve), known as the eighth cranial nerve, transmits sound and equilibrium (balance) information from the inner ear to the brain. ANATOMY: The vestibular and cochlear portions of the vestibulocochlear nerve are functionally discrete, and so originate from different nuclei in the brain: Vestibular component – arises from the vestibular nuclei…
The facial nerve (also known as the seventh cranial nerve) is a nerve that carries signals from the brain to the muscles of the face. This nerve is responsible for the ability to move the muscles of the face, and it also carries information related to sensation in the face. Specifically, the facial nerve is…
