Defination Dystonia is a neurological condition that affects the movement of muscles in the body. It is characterized by involuntary muscle contractions that cause abnormal and often painful movements, postures, and spasms. Dystonia can affect various parts of the body, including the face, neck, arms, legs, and torso, and can occur in both children and…
Defination Nystagmus is a condition that affects a person’s ability to control their eye movements. It is characterized by involuntary, repetitive, and rhythmic movements of the eyes. These movements can be horizontal, vertical, or rotational and can occur either continuously or intermittently. Causes of Nystagmus There are various causes of nystagmus, which can be divided…
Introduction Lou Gehrig’s disease, commonly known as, Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disease that affects motor neurons—those nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord that control voluntary muscle movement. Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a rare neurological disease that includes the degeneration of neurons for controlling voluntary muscle action. Ultimately, many…
Suprascapular nerve palsy is a condition in which injury or compression of suprascapular nerve leads to the supraspinatus and/or infraspinatus muscles. The suprascapular nerve is a mixed nerve (Motor and sensory) of the upper limb. Suprascapular nerve injury gives clinical significance to shoulder pain and upper limb weakness due to its own role. The suprascapular…
What is a Syncope? Syncope is a medical term for fainting where sudden onset, brief loss of consciousness with loss of postural tone followed by spontaneous revival. The person is motionless and limp and generally has cool extremities, a weak pulse, and shallow breathing. Sometimes brief involuntary muscle jerks happen, resembling a seizure. Near-syncope is…
What is a Spinal Muscular Atrophy? Spinal muscular atrophy is an inherited disease in which progressive muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy) are used for movement (skeletal muscles). It occurs due to a loss of specialized nerve cells (motor neurons) that control muscle movement. Progressive muscle weakness is seen as more severe that is closer to…
Definition Poliomyelitis or Polio is a virus infection of cranial nerve nuclei inside the brain stem or spinal cord that leads to temporary or permanent paralysis of muscles that they activate. The virus most usually affects children under 5 years of age. Way of transmission Epidemiology of poliovirus Polio is mainly caused by a virus…
What is a Tethered spinal cord syndrome? Etiology Primary Tethered Cord Syndrome When focusing on primary TCS, the simplest mechanism by which the caudal spinal cord capitulates to tethering is due to a thickened filum terminal. Normally, the filum terminal is a viscoelastic structure that facilitates the increase of the conus medullaris during neural development….
What is a Transient Ischaemic attack (TIA)? A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary neurologic dysfunction due to a temporary blockage in the blood supply to part of the brain. It is also called a ministroke, a TIA may be a warning sign of a future stroke and a chance to prevent it. It…
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES) includes attacks that resemble epilepsy-related seizures that are because of underlying psychological distress, not abnormal electrical activity in the brain. PNES is treatable with psychotherapy. The psychiatric diagnosis for PNES is conversion disorder, as mental stress is being converted into a physical symptom. Conversion disorder is also identified as a functional…
