Definition Pes cavus is a foot with an abnormally greater plantar longitudinal arch. Individuals who have this deformity will put too much weight and stress on the ball and heel of the foot while standing and/or walking. The spectrum of connected deformities observed with pes cavus involves clawing of the toes, posterior hind foot deformity…
What is a Spinal Muscular Atrophy? Spinal muscular atrophy is an inherited disease in which progressive muscle weakness and wasting (atrophy) are used for movement (skeletal muscles). It occurs due to a loss of specialized nerve cells (motor neurons) that control muscle movement. Progressive muscle weakness is seen as more severe that is closer to…
Definition Poliomyelitis or Polio is a virus infection of cranial nerve nuclei inside the brain stem or spinal cord that leads to temporary or permanent paralysis of muscles that they activate. The virus most usually affects children under 5 years of age. Way of transmission Epidemiology of poliovirus Polio is mainly caused by a virus…
Introduction A lumbar examination is an important part of Diagnosing a lumbar spine-related condition mainly Low back pain, slip disc, listhesis of the spine. Subjective Assessment Red flags Investigations X-Rays Angiography MRI Scans CT Scans Ultrasound Scans Objective Posture Scoliosis Clinically Relevant Anatomy What is Lordosis? Symptoms Clinically Relevant Anatomy Clinical presentation Examining Functional Tests…
Malnutrition is when a people’s diet does not give enough nutrients or the right balance for optimal health. Symptoms are different but frequently include weight loss, decreased appetite, tiredness, and irritability. What is malnutrition? Malnutrition is an imbalance in dietary intake. It happens when a person has too much or too little food or important…
Introduction A Wrist and Hand examination were done in a systematic way that helps to diagnose for treatment of Wrist and Hand related conditions. Subjective History Observation Boutonniere Deformity Swan Neck Deformity Wrist as well as Hand Osteoarthritis Dupuytren’s Contracture Hand Rheumatoid Arthritis Functional Tests Palpation Palpation of Hand Neurological Assessment Motion Testing Red Flags…
Definition Dumping syndrome is a condition that happens when the stomach empties its contents too quickly into the small intestine. It is generally connected with gastric surgery. Quick gastric emptying causes huge amounts of undigested food to flood the small intestine. A person can feel nausea, abdominal cramping, and blood sugar reactions. What is Dumping…
What is a Tethered spinal cord syndrome? Etiology Primary Tethered Cord Syndrome When focusing on primary TCS, the simplest mechanism by which the caudal spinal cord capitulates to tethering is due to a thickened filum terminal. Normally, the filum terminal is a viscoelastic structure that facilitates the increase of the conus medullaris during neural development….
What is a Transient Ischaemic attack (TIA)? A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a temporary neurologic dysfunction due to a temporary blockage in the blood supply to part of the brain. It is also called a ministroke, a TIA may be a warning sign of a future stroke and a chance to prevent it. It…
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizure (PNES) includes attacks that resemble epilepsy-related seizures that are because of underlying psychological distress, not abnormal electrical activity in the brain. PNES is treatable with psychotherapy. The psychiatric diagnosis for PNES is conversion disorder, as mental stress is being converted into a physical symptom. Conversion disorder is also identified as a functional…
