Plantar fasciitis is a common and often debilitating condition that affects the feet, particularly the heel and arch areas. It is characterized by intense heel pain, especially in the morning or after periods of rest, making activities like running a painful challenge. This condition can be frustrating for athletes and fitness enthusiasts, as it can…
What is the Peripheral Nervous System? The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a vital component of the human nervous system, working in conjunction with the Central Nervous System (CNS) to facilitate communication between the body and the brain. It consists of an intricate network of nerves and ganglia that extend throughout the body, connecting various…
Plantar warts are a type of skin infection on your feet produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The infection causes rough bumps to form, which are uncomfortable or painful. Treatment options involve home remedies, medications, and therapies. What are Planter Warts? Plantar warts (verruca plantaris) are mild (not harmful) rough bumps that form on the…
What is a Bone Spurs in Shoulders? Bone spurs in shoulders, also known as osteophytes, are bony growths that form on the edges of bones. They can develop anywhere in the body, but they are most common in the joints, including the shoulders. Bone spurs in the shoulders can cause pain, stiffness, and decreased range…
Introduction Active range of motion (AROM) exercises are exercises that you perform yourself, using your own muscles. They are the most common type of range of motion exercise, and they are used to improve joint function, strength, and flexibility. AROM exercises can be done for any joint in the body, including the shoulders, elbows, wrists,…
Steinman’s Test is a medical diagnostic procedure used to assess the integrity and stability of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee joint. The ACL is a crucial ligament that helps stabilize the knee and is frequently injured in sports-related activities or traumatic accidents. Steinman’s Test is one of several clinical tests employed by…
Introduction The Patellar Apprehension Test is a clinical examination used by healthcare professionals, particularly in orthopedics, to assess the stability and integrity of the patella (kneecap) in individuals who may have experienced patellar dislocation or subluxation. This test is performed to determine if the patient is apprehensive about the possibility of their patella shifting out…
Definition/Description The Ege test is also called the weight-bearing McMurray test because when patients do this test, they have to put weight on their knees. Depending on the meniscus being examined, the patient’s feet are turned outward (medial meniscus) or inward (lateral meniscus). Clinically relevant anatomy The genu articularis consists of several anatomical structures, including…
Introduction: “Squint eye,” also known as “strabismus” or “crossed eyes,” is a visual condition characterized by a misalignment of the eyes. In a person with squint eye, one or both eyes may deviate from their normal position, either turning inwards (esotropia), outwards (exotropia), upwards (hypertropia) or downwards (hypotropia). This misalignment can be constant or intermittent…
Introduction The External Rotation Recurvatum test to measure posterolateral instability of the knee joint is a general assessment of external rotation of the femur that occurs with knee hyperextension and stabilization of the femur. Purpose To document the tibiofemoral joint sagittal plane relationship in patients with posterolateral knee instability and positive external rotation recurvatum test…
