What is a Williams flexion exercise (WFE)? Williams flexion exercises (WFE) — also called Williams lumbar flexion exercises or simply Williams exercises is a set or system of related physical exercises intended to enhance lumbar flexion, avoid lumbar extension, and strengthen the abdominal and gluteal musculature in an effort to manage low back pain non-surgically….
What is Fibrous Dysplasia? Fibrous dysplasia is a disorder where normal bone and marrow is replaced with fibrous tissue, resulting in the formation of bone that is weak and prone to expansion. As a result, most complications result from fractures, deformities, functional impairment, and pain. The disease can affect one bone (monostotic) or multiple (polyostotic)….
INTRODUCTION OF TENS TENS is a method of electrical stimulation that primarily aims to provide a degree of symptomatic pain relief by exciting sensory nerves and thereby stimulating either the pain gate mechanism and/or the opioid system. The different methods of applying TENS relate to these different physiological mechanisms. The effectiveness of TENS varies with…
Definition of Osteomalacia Osteomalacia is the softening of the bones caused by impaired bone metabolism primarily due to inadequate levels of available phosphate, calcium, and vitamin D, or because of resorption of calcium. The impairment of bone metabolism causes inadequate bone mineralization. Vitamin D and calcium supplements are measures that can be used to prevent…
What is Amputation Amputation is the surgical removal of all or part of a limb or extremity such as an arm, leg, foot, hand, toe, or finger. It is done by trauma, prolonged constriction, or surgery. As a surgical measure, it is used to control pain or a disease process in the affected limb, such…
What is a Popliteal Cyst? A popliteal cyst, also known as a Baker’s cyst, is a fluid-filled swelling that causes a lump at the back of the knee, leading to tightness and restricted movement. The cyst can be painful when you bend or extend your knee. It is named after the surgeon who first described…
What is Painful arc syndrome? Painful arc syndrome occurs in the shoulder, The shoulder joint owes its stability to the ‘rotator cuff’ muscles – which are four small muscles located around the shoulder joint which help with movement, but importantly their tendons stabilize the head of the humerus within the joint capsule. Sometimes, with wear…
What is Myositis ossificans (MO)? Myositis ossificans (MO) occurs when bone or bone-like tissue grows where it’s not supposed to. It most commonly happens in your muscle after an injury — like when you get hit hard in the thigh during a soccer game or maybe after a car or bicycle accident. Myositis ossificans comprises…
Introduction of Interferential Current Therapy (IFT): PRINCIPLES OF IFT : The exact frequency of the resultant beat frequency can be controlled by the input frequencies. If for example, one current was at 4000Hz and its companion current at 3900Hz, the resultant beat frequency would be at 100Hz, carried on a medium frequency 3950Hz amplitude modulated…
What is Sudeck’s atrophy? Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS), also known as reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD), is a disorder of a portion of the body, usually, the arms or legs, which manifests as pain, swelling, limited range of motion, and changes to the skin and bones. It may initially affect one limb and then spread…
