Introduction Pivot shift test is theoretically an ideal test for dynamic evaluation of the condition of the knee ligaments, which is particularly important in the diagnosis of ACL tear, the evaluation of reconstruction methods, and the formulation of treatment algorithms for patients with ACL injury. Currently, the pivot shift test is the most accurate clinical…
What is a Retrocollis? Retrocollis is a medical term used to describe a specific type of dystonia characterized by involuntary and sustained backward tilting of the head and neck. This neurological disorder falls under the broader category of movement disorders and can have a significant impact on an individual’s quality of life. Retrocollis is often…
Introduction Iron-deficiency anemia is a prevalent medical condition characterized by a deficiency of iron in the body, leading to a reduction in the production of hemoglobin, a critical component of red blood cells. Hemoglobin plays a vital role in transporting oxygen from the lungs to various tissues and organs, and when its levels are insufficient,…
What is a Wrist Instability? Wrist instability is a complex and often debilitating condition that affects the wrist joint, compromising its ability to provide support and mobility for the hand and forearm. This condition arises when the ligaments, tendons, or bones that make up the wrist joint are compromised or damaged, leading to a loss…
Plantar warts are a type of skin infection on your feet produced by the human papillomavirus (HPV). The infection causes rough bumps to form, which are uncomfortable or painful. Treatment options involve home remedies, medications, and therapies. What are Planter Warts? Plantar warts (verruca plantaris) are mild (not harmful) rough bumps that form on the…
What is a Bone Spurs in Shoulders? Bone spurs in shoulders, also known as osteophytes, are bony growths that form on the edges of bones. They can develop anywhere in the body, but they are most common in the joints, including the shoulders. Bone spurs in the shoulders can cause pain, stiffness, and decreased range…
Steinman’s Test is a medical diagnostic procedure used to assess the integrity and stability of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee joint. The ACL is a crucial ligament that helps stabilize the knee and is frequently injured in sports-related activities or traumatic accidents. Steinman’s Test is one of several clinical tests employed by…
Introduction The Patellar Apprehension Test is a clinical examination used by healthcare professionals, particularly in orthopedics, to assess the stability and integrity of the patella (kneecap) in individuals who may have experienced patellar dislocation or subluxation. This test is performed to determine if the patient is apprehensive about the possibility of their patella shifting out…
Definition/Description The Ege test is also called the weight-bearing McMurray test because when patients do this test, they have to put weight on their knees. Depending on the meniscus being examined, the patient’s feet are turned outward (medial meniscus) or inward (lateral meniscus). Clinically relevant anatomy The genu articularis consists of several anatomical structures, including…
Introduction: “Squint eye,” also known as “strabismus” or “crossed eyes,” is a visual condition characterized by a misalignment of the eyes. In a person with squint eye, one or both eyes may deviate from their normal position, either turning inwards (esotropia), outwards (exotropia), upwards (hypertropia) or downwards (hypotropia). This misalignment can be constant or intermittent…
