forearm supination and pronation

Manual Muscle Testing of the Forearm

Manual Muscle Testing (MMT) of the forearm is a technique used to assess the strength and function of the muscles in the forearm. It is commonly performed by healthcare professionals, such as physical therapists or doctors, to evaluate the integrity of the muscles and identify any weakness or pathology. Forearm Supination Testing muscles SupinatorBiceps brachii…

Manual muscle testing of Elbow

Manual muscle testing of Elbow

Manual muscle testing of the elbow involves assessing the strength and function of specific muscles around the elbow joint. It is commonly used in physical therapy, rehabilitation, and sports medicine to evaluate muscle strength, detect muscle imbalances, and monitor progress during treatment. Here’s a step-by-step guide for manual muscle testing of the elbow: Elbow Flexion…

Kendall scale for MMT

Manual Muscle Testing of Shoulder Muscles

Manual muscle testing of the shoulder is a technique used to assess the strength and function of various muscles around the shoulder joint. It is commonly performed by healthcare professionals such as physical therapists, occupational therapists, and physicians. The testing helps in diagnosing muscle weakness, determining the extent of an injury or condition, tracking progress…

Vertebral Artery Test

Vertebral Artery Test

Definition/Description Clinical Anatomy Purpose Technique Modification The alternative vertebral artery test is shown below, it may be used in specific cases. For example, in the examination of an individual with supposed BPPV. Evidence For the past 30 years, people have been using this test. A number of researchers have noted a decrease in the lumen, however many…

Special test for the vascular signs

Special test for the vascular signs

Description Vertebral and internal carotid artery testing is an important part of the cervical spine assessment in cases where end-range mobilization and manipulation therapy procedures are being evaluated, especially when the procedures include a rotatory component and the upper cervical spine. The vertebral artery has become more susceptible to damage when it leaves the cervical spine’s…

Cranio-cervical Flexion Test

Cranio-cervical Flexion Test (CCFT)

Introduction The Craniocervical Flexion Test (CCFT) is a clinical assessment used by healthcare professionals, particularly physiotherapists, to evaluate the activation and strength of the deep cervical flexor muscles in the neck. These muscles are important for stabilizing the neck and head during movements, and their weakness or dysfunction can lead to chronic neck pain, headaches,…