lumbarization
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Lumbarization: Physiotherapy Treatment:

Definition: Lumbarization is a condition in which the first segment of the sacrum fails to fuse with the second segment so that it appears to be part of the lumbar vertebrae. Related Anatomy: The human spine is composed of vertebrae namely, cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral and the coccyx at the lower end. There are 5…

REFLEXES
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REFLEXES

Introduction: Definition: Reflex arc can be: Types of Reflexes: 1)Superficial Reflex2)Deep Reflex3)Abnormal Reflex -Pathological reflex -Other Reflex 1) Superficial reflexes: 2) Deep reflexes:- 3) Abnormal Reflexes (Pathologic Reflexes): 4) Other Reflexes: Significance of reflexes in Physiotherapy: Superficial reflexes: Deep reflex: Abnormal Reflexes (Pathologic Reflexes): Other Reflexes: Infant Reflexes: Motor reflex:-

osteoporosis
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Osteoporosis: Physiotherapy Treatment:

Introduction: Osteoporosis is defined as low bone mineral density caused by altered bone micro-structure ultimately predisposing patients to low-impact, fragility fractures. Normal bone is composed of protein, collagen, and calcium, all of which give bone its strength. Bones that are affected by osteoporosis can break (fracture) with relatively minor injuries that normally would not cause…